IMF: Glossary of Selected Financial Terms

To understand terms such as GDP, GNP ...etc
http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/glossary/index.asp

such as
Emerging Markets
The capital markets of developing countries that have liberalized their financial systems to promote capital flows with nonresidents and are broadly accessible to foreign investors.

Exchange rate
The price of one currency in terms of another. Most commonly, exchange rates are expressed as the number of units of domestic currency that will purchase one unit of foreign currency (e.g. units of currency per U.S. dollar). An exchange rate may also be defined as the inverse: the number of units of foreign currency that one unit of domestic currency will purchase.